Export controls and economic sanctions have become essential tools for advancing U.S. national security and foreign policy interests, with successive administrations expanding and refining these measures to enhance economic statecraft.

In a recent article written by a team of Pillsbury International Trade attorneys, the authors explore the growing role of export controls—particularly targeting China—through mechanisms such as the Entity List, the Foreign Direct Product rule and new restrictions on advanced semiconductors and AI technologies, highlighting their increasing impact on global supply chains, foreign investment, M&A activity and compliance risks.

The article, which was published by Chambers & Partners, also details the expanding scope of U.S. sanctions programs administered by the Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC). These sanctions target countries, individuals and sectors using tools like secondary sanctions, oil price caps and the 50% ownership rule, creating complex cross-border compliance challenges as the U.S. deepens coordination with allies—especially in sensitive regions such as Russia, Venezuela and Iran.

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